Биология

The article considers the issue of studying the steppe vegetation of the Khvalynsky National Park from the standpoint of ecologophytocenotic and ecologo-floristic approaches to the classification of vegetation. New associations Alysso tortuosi-Artemisietum salsoloidis Lysenko ass. nov. hoc loco, Euphorbio glareosae-Festucetum valesiacae ass. nov. hoc loco, Artemisio marschallianae-Stipetum pennatae Lysenko ass. nov. hoc loco, Astragalo varii-Bromopsietum inermis Lysenko ass. nov. hoc loco, Astragalo albicaulis-Stipetum lessingianae Lysenko ass. nov.

The article presents the results of studying the dynamics of the formation of the root and above-ground mass of spring soft wheat, virgin and fallow cenoses under the conditions of 2012 and 2018. The dynamics of the placement of the root system of cultivated plants in the grain-pair crop rotation over the vegetation phases was revealed. It was shown that spring wheat forms the secondary root system during the growing season only in favorable meteorological conditions, mainly within the 0–50 cm layer (74%).

The article describes the new experience of the long-term use of the Malaise trap (tent trap) for the season 2018–2019 on the territory of the National Park «Khvalynsky» (Saratov province). During this period, 44 species of beetles belonging to 19 families were recorded 6 species: Leiodes obesa (Schmidt, 1841), Philonthus concinnus (Gravenhorst, 1802), Mordellistena humeralis (Linnaeus, 1758), M. intersecta Emery, 1876, M. purpureonigrans Ermisch, 1963 and Scraptia fuscula P. W. J. Muller, 1821 were recorded in the fauna of Saratov oblast for the first time.

The aim of the work is a comparative assessment of economic and biological characteristics (yield and crop structure elements, winter hardiness, morphological structure of the stem) of the new generation of winter soft wheat varieties. The studies were conducted in 2017–2019 in the conditions of the South-East of the Central black earth region. The object of research is winter wheat, represented by varieties Steppe 135, Basalt, Chernozem 115, Chernozem 130 and Basalt 2, created at different times of selection work.

Laburnum anagyroides Medik. (Leguminosae) is a promising ornamental woody plant, which is native to the Mediterranean. It is characterized by the following indicators of seed reproduction during introduction in the Lower Volga region: potential seed productivity is 5.24 ± 0.08 ovules on 1 ovary, real seed productivity is 1.53 ± 0.05 seeds per 1 fruit, the reproduction efficiency coefficient is 29.2%. Seeds quickly pass into a state of deep physical rest and cannot independently leave this state in spring.

The paper presents the results of nidicola fauna studies from burrows of sand martin Riparia riparia (Linnaeus, 1758) in the territory of the Krasnoarmeisk, Engels, Voskresensk, and Rovnoe Districts of the Saratov Province. 5859 specimens of arthropods belonging to 41 taxons from 26 systemic groups were collected in 97 burrows of the species. The focus is put on potential possibility of arboviral infection transmission from bank swallows to field sparrows (with participation of common ectoparasites), and through them – to humans.

Using the model of silt sediments of different ages and soils contaminated with oil products, the utilizing ability of the saprophytic bacterium Bacillus pumilus was studied. It was established that 7 days after the introduction of silt sediment samples of B. pumilus culture into the samples, there was an increase in the mass concentration of copper, cadmium and lead ions, followed by a decrease in the dynamics after 21 days of bacterial exposure. The mass concentration of zinc ions in the sludge samples decreased in dynamics over the entire duration of the experiment.

The article presents the results of the study of morphometric and physiological parameters of the leaves of the woody plant-chestnut oak (Quercus castaneifolia S. A. Mey.). The study was conducted in Baku, which is the capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan, to assess the bioindicative properties and prospects of using this plant in environmental monitoring and landscaping of the city. To conduct a comparative analysis of the results, leaf samples were collected in the areas of the city that differ in the degree of environmental pollution.

Allium ramosum L. – type species of the subgenus Butomissa (Salisb.), Section Butomissa. The species has a fairly high seed productivity, which varies widely. This article presents the results of a study of seed productivity under the conditions of artificial phytocenosis of the Moscow Region in four commercial varieties of A. ramosum. In alluvial meadow soils, fruit setability was 88.9–95.8%, real seed productivity was fixed at 3.5–18.5 g/plant, 1000 seeds weight was 4.2–5.9 g. Average insemination was noted 3, 0–5.9 pieces/fruit.

The object of the study was sprouts of spring soft wheat Triticum aestivum L. Cultivation was carried out in a climatic chamber at a temperature of 18 ± 1°C under the conditions of a sixteen-hour photoperiod and complete etiolation. The experiment was carried out in the following options: removed the main germinal root; decapitation; removed the lower tier of germinal roots. Removing part of the root system of plants cultivated under a sixteen-hour photoperiod increases the root index and reduces the total length of the root system.