Биология

The article provides a brief analysis on the species composition of microlepidopteran genus Neofriseria Sattler, 1960 (Gelechiidae) of the fauna of Russia and some neighboring countries. A list of six species of this genus known for the territory of Russia at present is given. One species of the genus, previously described only relating to males from Greece, is recorded for Russia (Saratov region) firstly as a new subspecies with a description and illustrations of the genital structures of both sexes.

Lipopolysaccharide is the main structural component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, which can also be a part of extracellular polymeric substances. Lipopolysaccharides of bacteria that stimulate the growth and development of plants belong to the group of molecules that form a microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP). These glycoconjugates of both symbiotic and phytopathogenic bacteria induce the activation of immune responses in plants.

Synthetic dyes are widely used in various branches of light industry. Due to the insuffi cient effi ciency of industrial painting processes, a large percentage of dyes end up in the wastewater of enterprises in an unmodifi ed form, which creates a huge risk of environmental pollution with these compounds. Triphenylmethane dyes, in particular malachite green, are toxic, allergenic and carcinogenic compounds.

Previously we proposed a new reconnaissance method for estimating the total abundance of small mammals in urban areas. The method includes placing plastic bottles with bait inside equal distances apart. In this research we examined two ways to improve the method: using bottles of smaller volume (0,25 liters instead of 0,5 liters) to increase the ergonomics and using opaque bottles to make them more attractive for animals. Bigger and smaller bottles with neck diameter of 38 mm were fastened in pairs which were set in a transect with a fi ve-meter spacing.

In this study, the decolorization reaction of aqueous solution bromophenol blue dye was carried out in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase contained in the roots of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), radish (Raphanus sativus var. radicula), yellow turnip (Brassica napobrassica), daikon (Raphanus sativus), black radish (Raphanus sativus ‘Niger’), green radish (Raphanus) or stalk of white cabbage (Brassica capitata).

The polytene chromosomes of the cells of the salivary glands of the larvae of Ch. plumosus L. 1758, Ch. entis Shobanov 1989, Ch. borokensis Kerkis et al. 1988 and Ch. curabilis Beljanina et al. 1990 from 20 reservoirs of six natural-territorial complexes of the Ural region were studied. On the basis of a cytotaxonomic study, it was established that natural complexes diff er from each other in the species composition of the “plumosus” group, the ratio (in %) between species and, certain parameters of cytogenetic variability of Ch. plumosus, Ch. entis and Ch. borokensis.

The most acute environmental problem in many regions of Russia and other countries is environmental pollution with oil and oil products. Soil pollution with oil products can occur in various emergencies in areas of oil production and processing, when oil pipelines break, which causes leakage and spills on the soil surface, as well as in places where oil products are distributed. The purpose of this study is to study the biological properties of soils in Kalmykia under conditions of oil and oil products pollution.