Spirulina and Arthrospira cyanoprokaryota species include a wide variety of laboratory microorganism culture collections and their traditional storage by means of isolate passages does not provide long-term preservation. The rationale for this study is to evaluate the possibility of long-term low temperature storage of Spirulina subsalsa and Arthrospira platensis cyanoprokaryota. Cyanoprokaryota biomass was stored for 12 months at minus 80 °С. The cooling rate was minus 1 °С. The effects of various cryoprotectants in achieving comparatively high survival of cyanoprokaryota after long-term cryopreservation are presented in the article. It was determined that optimal cryoprotectants were 10% glucose and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. No cryoprotection has been seen without cryoprotectant, or with methanol, glycerol, ethanol, D-sorbitol, sucrose, L-Proline, dextrin. The obtained data showed that S. subsalsa and A. platensis preserved their viability during a 12 months storage period at minus 80 °С. Thus, the present study demonstrates the possibility of preservation of cyanoprokaryota using low temperature storage at minus 80 °С. Materials of the article can contribute to applied biotechnology through the improvement of long-term storage methods for different microorganisms cultures.