Химия

The hydrodynamic behavior of chitosan macromolecules in aqueous solutions of ascorbic acid (AscA) diastereomers was studied by means of capillary viscometry. A comparison of these systems with chitosan solutions in such traditional solvent media as hydrochloric and acetic acids, Na-acetate buffer was made. Concentration dependencies of the specific viscosity were plotted, and the intrinsic viscosity and the Huggins constant were evaluated.

This article describes the possibility of using bioethanol as a substitute for conventional fuel from petroleum feedstocks. Bioethanol obtained by fermentation from biomass is considered not only as an analogue of gasoline or a fuel additive, but also as a source of raw materials for the production of olefins, aromatic hydrocarbons and gasoline range hydrocarbons by means of catalytic conversion. At present, it is believed that the conversion of ethanol on zeolites proceeds in several stages.

The introduction of the (trifluoro)acetyl moiety into different heterocycles allows one to vary their physicochemical properties, change the nature and magnitude of biological activity, and also to carry out further chemical transformations. At the same time, modern methods of organic chemistry are aimed, inter alia, at increasing the efficiency of known and widely used chemical reactions and the possibility of directing along other paths when conducting syntheses under conditions, which are different from the classical ones.

The application of the Vierordt’s and the first derivative at the “zero crossing” methods was evaluated for the simultaneous determination of synthetic food dyes Yellow “sunset” (E110) and Ponso 4R (E124) in model solutions. The concentrations interval of components is established at which the principle of optical densities additivity is observed. For the implementation of the Vierordt’s method, wavelengths with the maximum difference in the absorption coefficients of the individual components (470.2 and 536.7 nm) were chosen.

The conditions of synthesis of ion associates of phosphorus-molybdenum ions with protonated form of lysine hydrochloride have been considered. It has been shown that the phosphoric molybdenum acid undergoes hydrolysis with the formation of the following products: НРО42– + Мо12О42– + 11Н2О. At pH 2 in aqueous solutions, the PhMA is stable, exists as anion [РМо12О42]3– and interacts with protonated form of lysine with the formation of associates 3[НLys]+[FMC]3–.

Показано, что 4H-хроменоны, функционализированные альдегидной группой в положении С3, способны образовывать гибридные системы, имеющие в своей структуре помимо хроменонового пиридиновый, пиримидиновый циклы. Кислая среда способствует раскрытию ?-лактонного фрагмента. Показана возможность дезактивации альдегидной группы с последующим деформилированием. 

A brief review of computational methods for the liquid-liquid equilibrium has been carried out, and their capabilities and limitations have been shown. Complications of such computational models for the liquid–liquid–solid equilibrium lead to a decreased accuracy of calculations. In this case, it is advisable for researchers to make use of the approximation of experimental data on the liquid – liquid and liquid – liquid – solid equilibria.

The effect of complexation with yttrium ions and micellar media of surfactants on the fluorescent properties of levofloxacin was studied. The luminescence of levofloxacin depends on the acidity of the medium Т. Г. Данилина и др. Влияние мицелл поверхностно-активных веществ 378 Научный отдел Изв. Сарат. ун-та. Нов. сер. Сер. Химия. Биология. Экология. 2019. Т. 19, вып. 4 and is maximum in an acidic medium. It was shown that complexation with yttrium ions promotes the growth of the intrinsic fluorescence of levofloxacin by a factor of 2.

The possibility of using hydroxythiophenols (HTP) for the photometric determination of cobalt (II) has been studied. Aminophenols (AP) were used as hydrophobic amine: 2- (N,N-methylamino methyl)-phenol (AP1) and 2- (N, N-methylaminomethyl) -4-methylphenol (AP2). Dichloroethane, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride turned out to be the best extractants. With a single extraction with chloroform, 97.5–99.5% of cobalt is recovered as a complex. The cobalt (II) complex is extracted into chloroform in the pH range of 3.6–6.3.

The acute problem in the analysis of dairy products is the potentiometric determination of the active and total titrated acidity of pasteurized milk from different manufacturers and their comparison with those for raw cow milk. In addition, for various expert purposes, fast definition of the manufacturer of this product is necessary. The conditions of potentiometric titration of pasteurized milk are specified. It is shown that the total acidity of pasteurized milk produced by different manufacturers differs insignificantly.