Химия

The scientific literature in English for 2000–2017, devoted to the problem of the development of sorbents based on polymeric materials, intended for collecting spilled oil and oil products from the surface of reservoirs, has been scanned and analyzed. Three most numerous classes of polymeric sorbent materials (cellulosic materials, acrylate copolymers and synthetic rubbers) have been identified, and the oil sorbents proposed are characterized. Prospects of using sorbents of these classes for cleaning up the surface of reservoirs from oil spills are discussed.

Superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) have gained much attraction from the beginning of 21century because of its potential applications in biology, medicine, theranostics, physics, chemistry and chemical analysis due to unique multifunctional properties, including small size, superparamagnetic behavior, low toxicity, high adsorption properties used for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) in water purification and chemical analysis.

Lanthanide complexes with organic ligands (including hydrocarbons) find application in medicien as luminescent biomarkers for various pathogenic bacteria. At the same time, starch (as a polysaccharide) can serve as a source for carbon nanoparticles (via thermal decomposition) that have very intensive and longliving luminescence, thus such nanoparticles conjunctioned with lanthanides may be used to create more effective medical probes.

The process of catalytic reforming remains one of the main processes of the modern petrochemical industry, allowing for obtain commodity products – gasoline, with high detonation resistance and raw materials for the petrochemical industry – aromatic hydrocarbons. One of the most important tasks of improving the reforming process is the development of new efficient catalytic systems that don’t have noble metals in their composition.

Oil spills after tanker and pipeline accidents pose a serious threat to the environment, lead to the loss of energy carriers and severely pollute seawater. Mechanical extraction by sorption mechanism is an effective means of oil spill liquidation from the surface of reservoirs.

Silicon-containing glycerohydrogel thin-film plates based on chitosan L- and D-ascorbates were obtained by means of biomimetic sol-gel synthesis using silicon tetraglycerolate as a biocompatible precursor. Their stress–strain characteristics were studied. For all the samples of our glycerohydrogel plates, stress–strain curves were recorded, characteristic of soft plastic polymeric materials not reaching their yield point under tensile conditions. At rupture, the material shows some characteristic signs of macroscopic plasticity.

Sorption properties of simazine, atrazine, propazine and prometrin on commercial chromatographic columns of LiChrospher 60 RP select B, Hypersil BDS-C18, and Zorbax SB-C18 were studied by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode matrix detection. The influence of the composition of the mobile phase on the chromatographic characteristics of the separation is considered. It was found that with the content of acetonitrile in a mixture of PF from 10 to 30 vol/vol. the chromatographic peak of atrazine is practically not manifested.

Given the ability of 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds to emerge in the presence of ammonia, urea and its derivatives of N-containing heterocyclic compounds, possibility of сyclization 2-pentene- and pentane-1,5-diones and their dihalogensubstituted analogues with thioacetamide.

The daily increasing demand for high-quality motor fuels requires constant improvement and modernization of existing technologies for oil refining. One of the main secondary processes of recycling hydrocarbon raw materials in industry, which allows to obtain high-octane components of automobile gasoline, valuable liquefied gases and raw materials for petrochemical industries is catalytic cracking of various types of distillate and residual raw materials.

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds present in many plants, fruits, vegetables, nuts, flowers etc. They exhibit a wide range of bioactivity and have gained much attraction last two decades because of its potential applications in biology, medicine, and chemical analysis due to their antioxidant, medicinal (antiviral, antibacterial, antiallergic effects) and complexion properties. One of the main properties of flavonoids especially quercetin is their oxidation by oxygen dissolved in water or organic solvents mainly in basic media.