Химия

The problem of choosing a technique for determining ammonium ions, in concentrations above 1 gm/cdm, in surface waters, as in complex matrix, is one of the important problems of monitoring the condition of water bodies contaminated with ammonium salts. The solution to this problem will allow us to reliably assess the ecological condition of water bodies and the degree of reduction of environmental load during pollution elimination measures.

The production of good-quality, effective and harmless pharmaceutical products and import substitution of drugs are of top priority for the pharmaceutical industry. Benzimidazole and its derivatives are active substances of many drugs due to the wide range of their pharmacological activity. In the article under consideration the sorption of the newly synthesized benzimidazole’s derivatives from liquids media was studied.

The comparison and assessment of the efficiency of using the precipitation of sparingly soluble metal hydroxides and fluorides for the extraction and pre-concentration of samarium isotopes from the solution simulating acidic leachate of the soil were made. It was shown that the precipitation of samarium isotopes was achieved quantitatively at the pH of about 7 and the co-precipitation of alkaline and alkaline earth elements did not exceed 20%.

Salt mixtures are used as molten electrolytes of chemical current sources, solvent melts of inorganic substances, heat storing compositions, fluxes for welding and soldering. Modern coolants include alkali metals and their halogenides. Lithium-containing thermofors have a special place. Density is one of the important properties of the melts used. The paper presents the analytical description of the density for the mixture melts of LiF + NaF of various compositions in the temperature range of 1130 ... 1320° K.

The article shows the results of the study of composite materials obtained by the modification of mineral resources with active mineral components, which is the main direction in the production of new materials of high quality. In this work, binding materials were obtained on the basis of construction gypsum and carbonate drilling sludge, which is a retarder of the setting time as well.

A mathematical model of the adsorber was developed using the Toth equation. Microporous mordenite was synthesized to confirm model validation. The structure and characteristics of the obtained sorbent were confirmed by SEM, N2 adsorbtion, XRD and XRF methods. Adsorption of the hydrogen-methane mixture on H-form of synthesized mordenite was carried out at the pressure of 2 MPa and the temperature range of 20–35 °С.

The possibility of obtaining asymmetric 1,5-diketones based on 4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one and dimedone by three-component condensation in the presence of L-proline as a catalyst is shown. As a result, a series of 4-hydroxy3 - ((2-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-6-oxocyclohex1-en-1-yl) (aryl) methyl) -2H-chromen-2-ones was obtained with a yield of 25 up to 73%. The study revealed that the highest yield was observed for compounds containing fragments of ortho-substituted aldehydes capable of forming a hydrogen bond. For meta- and para-substituted – the lowest yield was observed.

The paper presents the results of optimizing the conditions for the chromatographic determination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and deltamethrin for two capillary columns (Supelcosil LC-18, Kromasil C-18). The modes of individual chromatography of pesticides were selected. The use of the isocratic elution mode in the joint presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and deltamethrin was shown and experimentally proved to be invalid. Three options were proposed for the conditions of the gradient mode of the separate detection of analytes in a mixture.

A comprehensive method for meldonium analysis, based on a combination of magnetic solid-phase concentration of the analyte on magnetite nanoparticles modified with cetylammonium bromide (CTAB) cations and its subsequent analysis by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were developed in the process of study. The influence of a number of factors on meldonium sorption was studied, namely: pH, sorbent mass, sorption and mixing times; optimal extraction conditions were determined.

The results of the study of the morphology and surface topography of chitosan films of the salt (S-) and basic (B-) chemical form by atomic force microscopy are presented. The films were cast from polymer solutions in acetic, lactic, citric and succinic acid. NaOH and triethanolamine were used for the salt > chitosan base reaction. Surface tomograms were obtained; the main morphological characteristics and roughness parameters of the film samples were estimated.