Synthesis and Functionalization of Magnetite Мagnetic Nanoparticles with Сhitosan
Superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles (MNP) have gained much attraction from the beginning of 21century because of its potential applications in biology, medicine, theranostics, physics, chemistry and chemical analysis due to unique multifunctional properties, including small size, superparamagnetic behavior, low toxicity, high adsorption properties used for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) in water purification and chemical analysis. It is well-known that colloidal MNP typically require a special and perfect surface coating, which prevents their self-aggregation, imparts the stability of colloid particles and functionalizes them for the various subsequent applications. The coating shell of MNP is responsible for the surface chemical activity that determines the nanoparticles behavior in a given medium. In this article, we describe the synthesis of MNP and compare the aggregation behavior of MNP coated by individual chitosan polymer molecules and their molecules cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. There are several methods and parameters like transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), IR-spectroscopy, size and zeta-potential values were used to comparison of unmodified and modified MNP during time, chitosan concentration and pH variation. According TEM the average size of MNP synthesized by co-precipitation of Fe(III) and Fe(II) 2:1 salts was 8–10 nm with zeta-potential about zero. It was found that TEM average size of modified MNP was about 15 nm. A positive zetapotential of MNP modified with individual chitosan molecules (90kD) at pH 4 was 31–62 мV with maximum at 44 мV as well as modified by cross-linked chitosan within 43–65 mV with maximum at 55 mV. It was established that DLS size and zeta-potential value depend on the chitosan concentration (the best is 0.2% in 2% acetic acid solution) and time of storage the colloidal solution. Isoelectric point of MNP modified by chitosan shifts from 6.2 to 6.9 pH value. It was concluded that MNP modified by cross-linked chitosan are more suitable for MSPE of anionic molecules at pH 3–5.
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