Экология

The peculiarities of adaptation and variability of Salix alba L. at the morphological level were studied in extreme natural and technogenic conditions of the Southern Urals. It was found that Salix alba is characterized by a wide ecological valence, and in terms of morphological variability – is stable morphological structure. The influence of geographical, climatic and anthropogenic factors on the level of morphological integration of Salix alba was revealed.

European badger Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) – is the largest representative of the marten family in the European part of Russia. The eastern part of the range of the European subspecies M. meles meles, which was the study area, is confined to the Saratov Right Bank. The site is characterized by a variety of biotopic, orographic and anthropogenic conditions that affect the number of badgers, their spatial distribution over the territory and population structure. The article analyzes the number of European badgers that live on the territory of the Saratov Right Bank.

The article considers the ecological state of the soil in the system: soil-forest plantations. Forest plantations enhance environmental sustainability and productivity in the soil-plant system, contributing to the optimization of physical properties and soil regimes. Improving the physical and water-physical properties of the soil, increases the water reserves in the soil, increases the processes of humification, restoration of potential and effective soil fertility.

An increase in the number of drugs, including antibiotic substances entering the environment, necessitates studies of their impact on the functioning of ecosystems. In the global cycle of substances, the nitrogen cycle is one of the main processes. An important role is played by the nitrification process. For the first time, the effect of antibiotics of different groups: oxytetracycline, tylosin, benzylpenicillin on the nitrifying activity of sod-podzolic soil under their individual and combined exposure by laboratory modeling, was studied.

Located in the Amur watershed, Lake Kenon is an urban reservoir that hosts recreational and commercial fishery activity. The current status of the lake is connected with the Chita Thermal Power Plant No 1, the basin’s human population, and the density of railways as well as highways within the basin. From the start of the thermal power plant’s operation, the reservoir’s ion composition significantly changed from largely sodium and bicarbonate species to sulfate, bicarbonate, chloride, sodium, calcium, and magnesium chemical species.

Preliminary results of studies on the reintroduction of Calophaca wolgarica to the territory of the Saratov region are presented. In the period from 2018 to 2020, the age structure of artificial plantings and changes in the morphological parameters of individuals within them were studied. It is shown that on the territory of the Saratov region, artificial plantings of this species are best located near the protected area “Tulip Steppe near the village of Maksyutovo”.

 The article presents the results of studying the morphological state of three populations of Delphinium pubiflorum on the basis of quantitative traits measured over four years during the period of mass flowering of plants. The greatest difference in quantitative characteristics was shown by the populations from the Krasnoarmeisky and Tatishchevsky districts of the Saratov region.

The results of testing of the method of cultivation of the deadhead hawk moth Acherontia atropos (Linnaeus, 1758) using solid culture medium are given in this article. Optimal cultivation conditions for all caterpillar stages of this species are discussed. Information about bacterial infection of caterpillars which is caused by Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterial flora, is also noted in the results. Methods of treatment of this bacterial infection were selected empirically and also given use of bactericidal antibiotics (ceftriaxone) and selenopiran.

Environmental pollution with industrial waste is an urgent problem today. A special place in the list of pollutants belongs to waste from biotechnological enterprises and industries, whose activities are related to the production of various drugs. Russian Research Anti-Plague Institute «Microbe» is the only manufacturer of unique immunobiological drugs in the Russian Federation – bivalent chemical cholera vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin from horse blood serum (AIG).

The present article investigates the plant communities of the Middle and Lower Volga region that contain Globularia bisnagarica L. (G. punctate Lapeyr., G. willkommii Nylan) – the species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Republic of Tatarstan, the Stavropol Krai, the Orenburg, Samara, Saratov and Ulyanovsk Province, and Kazakhstan.