Экология

Action of various dozes of widely used (glin, karate, chlorthyasid, karoticid) and new (gerbicid 3249, semichinon, nitronol, ugnol) pesticides on quantity indicators of soil microorganisms is studied. Dynamics of change of number actinomycetes, mycelial fungis and heterotrophs is tracked at entering various dozes of pesticides. It is proved elimination of karate, karoticid, nitronol from soil under influence various bacterial strains.

The data on toxicity inretigation of bis-guaternary ammonium salt (BAS) derivatives and their transformed products formed in the process of reagent treatment of water have been represented in the given research. The extent and character of toxic effects of these substances on an organism of laboratory animals have been estimated in sharp and subacute experiments. There appeared to be an interrelation of BAS transformation in water and biological activity of the products formed.

After the experiments on noninbred rats it was stated that subacute intoxication of organophospho- rus insecticides dimethyldichlorvinylphosphate (DDVF), carbophos and metaphos (daily hypodermic administration at a dose of 1/7 LDso, during 6 days) invoked the suppression of cellular and humoral immune responses and decrease of concentration in a blood cytokines (IFNy, IL-4) with diminution of a relation an IFNy/IL-4. It occures that the reduction of function of Th1-lymphocytes is more appre- ciable in comparison with Th2-cells. 

Studies of the taxonomic composition of microalgae of the indigenous channel of the Volga River were carried out in June, August 2024–2025 at 10 stations (district of Dubovka-Bundino village, Kamenny Yar village, Staritsa village, Solenoe Zaimishche village, Tsagan-Aman village, Enotaevka village, Seroglazovka village, Zamyany village, Dawn village, Ikyany village ripple). During the study period, 40 samples were collected and processed. The floristic diversity of phytoplankton over two years was represented by 187 species with a rank below the genus.

The data on the collection of Orthoptera (Insecta: Orthoptera) for 2024–2025 in various biotopes from two protected areas of the Saratov region – Khvalynsky National Park and Nizhne-Bannovsky Natural Monument, as well as from adjacent territories, are presented. A list of 44 species of insects from 3 families is presented, potential pests of agricultural crops found in the studied territories are indicated, as well as species listed in the Red Book of the Saratov region.

It has been established that urban soils of one of the major oil-and-gas producing regions of Russia, located in the Far North (Kogalym, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra), serve as a source of oil-degrading bacteria. A quantitative assessment was made of the degradative and emulsifying activity of the bacteria Bacillus alcalophilus WS-3027B, B. funiculus LY-2403G, B. halodurans MH-3011N, B. niacini TC-8101S, B. psychrodurans LV-1106E, and Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens AE-0851V with respect to oil.