Экология

Areal types are analyzed for spiders of stepped plots of the Ulyanovsk Region. Most of them belong to the Palaearctic ones (229 species). Trans-palaearctic (63 species), western-centralpalaearctic (50) and west palaearctic (40) areas are dominant. European eras are dominant among European-Siberian type, and west-central-Mediterranean dominate among the Mediterranean type.

Ants are essential component of ecosystems. They participate in soil formation, regulate the number of insects and spread the seeds of plants. The species of the genus Formica are most noticeable in the forests of the middle zone of Russia. The number and diversity of the prey of ants decreases in the areas experiencing a recreational load. The study was conducted on the territory of the natural park “Kumysnaya Polyana” (Saratov).

For 8 years (2011–2018) macrozoobenthos samples were taken at the permanent stations in the reservoir-cooler of Balakovo NPP. Sampling stations were located in a highly heated part of the reservoir-cooler of the Balakovo NPP, and poorly heated part, in the adjacent water area of the Saratov reservoir. Differences were revealed: species richness and diversity; numbers and biomass; saprobity indices of the areas of these reservoirs; a positive or negative trend of long-term dynamics of the studied indicators macrozoobenthos.

The paper presents the results of studies of Oxycoccus palustris Pers. ontogenetic tactics and strategies expressed in various types of boggy phytocoenoses of the taiga zone in the Kirov region. The morphometric variability analyses of O. palustris in studied coenopopulations showed that most of parameters vary significantly. According to vitality index (IVC) the most favourable conditions are presented in mesotrophic cotton-grass sphagnum bog and oligotrophic sphagnum bog where the index was maximum – 1.04.

The Voronezh region traditionally is the most important region of crop production and agriculture. A research objective was the study of pollution by natural and artificial radionuclides of medicinal vegetable raw materials in the Voronezh region on flowers of a tansy ordinary, collected across all territory of the area in urbo-and the agroecosystems which are affected by various anthropogenic influence.

Voronezh Oblast is traditionally important agricultural and plantgrowing region. The purpose of this study was to examine heavy metal contamination of medicinal plant products of Voronezh Oblast using the leaves of Plantago major L. that were collected in urban and agricultural ecosystems, exposed to anthropogenic impacts. The analysis was carried out using atomic absorption spectrometer MGA-915 MD, according to pharmacopeial methods. Accumulation of heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc) and arsenic in 51 samples of P.

Based on the identification and characteristics of the response of aquatic plants to spav-containing drugs, the potential danger of possible contamination of the aquatic environment with spav was assessed. The extent of damage from the effects of spavcontaining drugs on aquatic plants was determined using aquatic plants Elodea сanadensis Michx.(1802), Potamogeton perfoliatus L. (1753), Myriophyllum spicatum L. (1753), Najas minor All. (1773) and Lemna minor L. (1753).

The peculiarities of adaptation and variability of Salix alba L. at the morphological level were studied in extreme natural and technogenic conditions of the Southern Urals. It was found that Salix alba is characterized by a wide ecological valence, and in terms of morphological variability – is stable morphological structure. The influence of geographical, climatic and anthropogenic factors on the level of morphological integration of Salix alba was revealed.

European badger Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) – is the largest representative of the marten family in the European part of Russia. The eastern part of the range of the European subspecies M. meles meles, which was the study area, is confined to the Saratov Right Bank. The site is characterized by a variety of biotopic, orographic and anthropogenic conditions that affect the number of badgers, their spatial distribution over the territory and population structure. The article analyzes the number of European badgers that live on the territory of the Saratov Right Bank.

The article considers the ecological state of the soil in the system: soil-forest plantations. Forest plantations enhance environmental sustainability and productivity in the soil-plant system, contributing to the optimization of physical properties and soil regimes. Improving the physical and water-physical properties of the soil, increases the water reserves in the soil, increases the processes of humification, restoration of potential and effective soil fertility.