Химия

Elective courses are obligatory for visiting courses at pupils’ option, included in a profile training at the senior stage of a school.

This article focuses on research aimed at improving the effectiveness of chemistry as a general education subject for first-year students at the Saratov Technical School of Railway Transport (STZhT).

The incorrectness of plotting the binodal (for the binary system monomolecular polymer + low-molecular-weight liquid) or phase separation boundary (that with a polynolecular polymer) by means of fixing a certain turbidity level at the configurative point’s movement from the single-phase range towards the phase separation one is discussed.

The process of rare earth metal – alkylmalonic acid complex formation was established by potentiometric method. The evaluated complex stability constants were used to calculate the thermodynamic functions of the complex formation process.

The process of rare earth metal – alkylmalonic acid complex formation was established by potentiometric method. The evaluated complex stability constants were used to calculate the thermodynamic functions of the complex formation process.

The solubility of potassium iodide in the mixed solvent water – tretbutyl alcohol (tret-C₄H₉OH) was studied by means of the sections method at 25°C under atmospheric pressure. The phase diagram of the KI – H₂O – tret-C₄H₉OH system has been plotted and discussed. The system is classified as that with salting-out.

The process of the oxidation of DFA reagents in alkaline media was simulated by means of quantum-chemistry methods and chemometrics. Geometric and electronic characteristics of initial amines, intermediates and final products were calculated.

The structure of complexes of lanthanum cation with molecules of several organic acids (benzoic, salicylic, 4-sulfoamidbenzoic and sulfonic acid) was studied by means of the SBKJC ab initio basis. Changes in the geometry and electronic structure of the organic acids at their coordination with an lanthanum ion are considered.

Michael's condensation in a line 3-аryimethilen-5-aryl-3H-furan-2-ones containing activated double bond with cyclohexanone, acetylacetone, acetoacetic ester has been researched. Peculiarities of the reaction have been revealed. The structure of the newly synthesized substances has been clarified with the usage of spectral (IR, NMR H¹, C¹³).

In article the new data is cited on reactions of cross-conjugated dienonic derivative of the alicyclic series (C₅, C₆) with hydrazines proceed to form trans-cyclanopyrazolines. The conditions and regiodirection of the reactions are determined by the alicycle's size and the peripheral substituent nature.