Для цитирования:
Смирнов А. К., Шиповская А. Б. Синтез и свойства привитых сополимеров ксантана и глюкоманнана с акриловыми мономерами // Известия Саратовского университета. Новая серия. Серия: Химия. Биология. Экология. 2023. Т. 23, вып. 2. С. 185-196. DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2023-23-2-185-196, EDN: DCBOBM
Синтез и свойства привитых сополимеров ксантана и глюкоманнана с акриловыми мономерами
Графт-сополимеры полисахаридов с акриловыми мономерами сочетают в себе биоразлагаемость, биосовместимость, экологичность природных полимеров и повышенную термостабильность, химическую и механическую стойкость синтетических полимеров. Осуществлён поиск и анализ литературы на английском языке за 2002–2022 гг., посвящённой привитой полимеризации акриламида, акриловой кислоты и 2-акриламидо-2-метилпропансульфоновой кислоты на макромолекулярные цепи ксантана и глюкоманнана. Выявлено, что синтез привитых цепей сополимеров протекает по механизму радикальной полимеризации с использованием термического гомолитического распада инициатора или микроволнового воздействия, в отдельных случаях – радиационного инициирования, а также фронтальной полимеризации. В зависимости от способа проведения реакции время синтеза графт-сополимера варьируется от нескольких минут до нескольких часов. Рассмотрено влияние условий и параметров синтеза на конверсию мономера, структуру и свойства получаемого полимера. Установлено, что понижение соотношения полисахарид/мономер и повышение концентрации инициатора повышает эффективность и степень прививки. Рассмотрены методы характеризации привитых сополимеров, включающие: инфракрасную спектроскопию для анализа химического строения образца, сканирующую электронную микроскопию для характеристики структуры, надмолекулярного упорядочения и пористости, дифференциально-термический анализ для оценки тепловых эффектов итермической стабильности. Обсуждено влияние условий синтеза и рН сорбционной среды на водопоглощение и сорбционную способность данного класса графт-сополимеров. Обнаружен широкий потенциал привитыхсополимеров к многократному повторению циклов поглощения и выделения жидкой среды без потери функциональных свойств. Это открывает перспективы использования привитых сополимеров ксантана и глюкоманнана с акриловыми мономерами в качестве материалов для очистки вод от ионов металлов и катионных красителей, адресной доставкии пролонгированного действия лекарственных веществ и раневых покрытий для лечения ран.
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