клональное микроразмножение

В ботаническом саду СГУ создана коллекция in vitro экономически важных многолетних культур, а также ведется активная деятельность по созданию коллекции редких и исчезающих видов растений Саратовской области. В настоящее время коллекционный фонд in vitro насчитывает 107 образцов 60 видов 48 родов, принадлежащих к 26 семействам покрытосеменных растений, из которых 26 видов 21 рода 14 семейств являются охраняемыми видами Саратовской области.

Paeonia tenuifolia is one of the most attractive and needy of pro- tection species among endangered plants of Saratov region. Modern methods of biotechnology, in some case plant clonal micropropaga- tion, are increase efficiency of secured plant species propagation ex situ. There is a review the progress made in peony micropropagation and it is present short applicatory observations. Comprehensive refer- ences about Paeonia species in the whole were analyzed. An effective record of P. tenuifolia clonal micropropagation was composed.

Many modern selection technologies are based on the use of haploid plants as a starting material. The spontaneous frequency of haploid development is very low (0.01–0.1%). In this regard, the creation of plant forms with increased frequency of parthenogenesis is important. The collection of corn lines with an increased frequency of haploid plants in the progeny was created at the Department of Genetics of the Saratov State University. High costs are required for maintain of a plant collections in the field.

Regeneration of plants in vitro through direct organogenesis allows the avoidance of somaclonal variation. The aim of our study was the induction of direct organogenesis in the culture of mature embryo in maize lines created at Saratov State University: ATTM (bm, wx, y), ATTM (bm, y), ATTM (bm, g, V-type CMS), AT-3 (4n). These lines are characterized by genetic predisposition to parthenogenesis. The mature embryos isolated from sterile grains were used as a primary explant.

The article presents the results of the search for the optimal hormonal composition of the nutrient medium for the induction of direct organogenesis in the culture of mature embryos of the maize homozygous line ATTM (bm, wx, y). The mature embryos isolated from kernels were used as the primary explant. The 11 media variants were tested for induction of direct organogenesis: MS without hormones (control) and with phytohormones in different concentrations and combinations.

The optimum variant of explant sterilization of mountain ash var. «Granatnaya» for introduction in culture in vitro has been picked up. It is shown that the nutrient medium WPM with addition of 1,0 mg/l of BAP is optimum for klonal mikropropogation, spontaneous regenerant rooting being found only on nutrient media without hormones. It has been established that the optimum variant of the nutrient medium at the stage of rooting is 1/2WPM with addition of 1,0 mg/l of NАА.