Химия

The problem of environmental pollution by human waste products is currently critically relevant. Organic fragments undergo degradation slowly and as a result accumulate in ecosystems. Many studies confi rm the presence of various pollutants in rivers, soils, atmosphere. Despite a large body of work on the search for methods of inactivation and purifi cation of such pollutants, there is no universal method, applicable to various classes of xenobiotics. The purpose of this work has been to study the destructive processes of model systems of xenobiotics of various nature.

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) has been used to study the infl uence of a number of factors (the nature of the stationary phase, the nature and concentration of the organic solvents and surfactants, the pH of the buff er solution) on the chromatographic characteristics of B vitamins: B1 (thiamine), B6 (pyridoxine), B12 (cyanocobalamin). The stationary phases were plates with polar (Sorbfi l on a polymer (highperformance plates, HTLC) and aluminum substrates), weakly polar (Polyamide-6), and nonpolar (RP-18 on an aluminum substrate) sorbents.

The kinetics and mechanism of vinyl monomer polymerization were studied. Ways to solve some environmental problems of polymer chemistry have been developed, namely, monomer stabilization to avoid the formation of side polymers due to spontaneous polymeriza­ tion while synthesis, purification and storage of monomers, synthesis of environmentally-pure emulgator-free latexes, synthesis of polymer­ ic flocculants for water purification from disperse particles.

We found that the best way to obtain composites and coatings is nanochemical synthesis  using nanopowders. Firstly  we were ob­ tained nanostructure composite and ceramic materials on the surface of aluminum and its alloys (duralumin, avialumin, magnaliya, silumin), consisting of metal matrix (titanium, magnesium and aluminum) and ceramic filler (corundum, periclase, rutile).

Conversion of the propane-butane mixture at presence Pt-containing zeolite catalyst is researched at 300-500°C. It is shown that with increase in temperature of carrying out of process the yield of aromat­ic hydrocarbons, the maximum quality aromatics Ce-Ce increases reaches 40.0%wt at 500°C and a feed space velocity of raw materials 100 lr1. Conversion butanes thus reach is 94.0%.

N-hexane and gasoline fraction conversion on bismuthchromezeolite catalyst at 300-500°C was researched. It was showed that in cataly­ sate total content of izomerization products reduce. The maximum content of aromatic hydrocarbons is 16.5% at 450°C and minimum benzene formation (0.8%). Ennoblement of gasoline fraction on bismuthchromezeolite catalyst contributes increase octane number on 29 points at 400°C. Benzene content is 1.4% that accord with environmental requirements of motor fuels.

The quenching of fluorescence of europium chelate (111) with tenoiltrif- toratseton solubilized in the micelles of Bridge-35 with rutin is studied. The possibility of a direct fluorimetric determination of bioantioxidants in the drug «Ascorutin» with a detection limit of 2.9 10   M is shown.

Phase equilibria and critical phenomena in cut 3 of the quaternary system water - pyridine - butyric acid - potassium chloride whose constituent ternary liquid system had a closed binodal curve were studied by means of the visual-polythermal method within 5-90°C. We have determined the temperature dependence of the solution composition corresponding to the critical solution point of the immis- cibility region.

Phase equilibria and critical phenomena in the ternary system potas­ sium formate - water - n.butoxyethanol, where a constituent binary liquid system is characterized by phase separation with a closed delamination region, were studied by means of the visual-polythermal method within 25-170°C. The temperature dependences of the com­ positions of the mixtures corresponding to the critical solubility points in the delamination region were determined.

The bromination of condensed chromen-2-ones is carried out. The influence of medium on the reaction occurrence has been studied. In the acidic acid solution aromatization of the 4H-pyrane fragment or hydrogen atom substitution at the tertiary carbon atom takes place. In chloroform, addi­ tion of bromine by the double bond occurs. Mixture of tetrachloromethane and propanol-2 promotes the intermolecular dehydration with the formation of ether bond.