Экология

The paper summarizes the basic results of the research concerning the application of some concepts of chemical physics in environmental protection and life safety.

Short-term fluctuations of the bird number and distribution, exhibiting a reliable relation with microclimatic phenomena (weather features of adjacent seasons, the nested population value in the previous year etc.) are shown.

By means of annual sociological surveys of the population of the Saratov region the level of its environmental consciousness, the dynamics and dependence on various factors (including mass-media campaigns) were studied. 

The paper analyzes prognostic models of the ornithofauna dynamics of the Northern Lower-Volga region, based on our analysis of cause and effect relationships in the dynamics of their distribution, historicofaunistic layers, and ecological groupings. As a result, abundance and distribution fluctuations have been revealed with no clear relation to the dynamics of climatic parameters but subject to certain cyclicity (Locustella fluviatilis, Motacilla citreola).

Social tension centres are closely connected with tectonic active areas of the earth’s crust with Cainozoe rugosity. Analysis of modern separatism centres distribution in geosynclinal regions was carried out. Prognosis of social tension aggravation in seismic active regions in 2011−2012 was proved – for the peak of the current 11-years and secular sun cycles. 

The article shows the stimulating effect of alternating magnetic field at the frequency of 6 and 12 Hz and induction of 25 mT on mitotic activity in apical root meristems of dicotyledon germs at onehour exposure of latent and sprouting seeds. The effect is observed if the seeds germinate during 3 days after the exposition. Additional impacts with 2 days range do not cause significant stimulation level alteration in germs.

The dynamics of the quantitative parameters of wild ungulates has been estimated over a part (36.6 thousand ha) of the Volgograd reservoir flood-lands within Engels and Marx districts of the Saratov region during 2003–2007. The number of all the wild ungulates (except wild boars) at the present stage is subject to significant recession.

The article analyses the current composition of the complex hemipteran insects (Heteroptera) after the fi re in 2010 in the Usman pine forest (Voronezh region) based on materials collected and counted at the post-pyrogenic succession monitoring polygon with an area of 84 hectares in 2021–2022. The infl uence of microrelief and phytocenotic heterogeneity on the structure of Heteroptera communities was assessed within three accounting areas, 100 sq. m each, located on three lines of the polygon.

The results of the analysis of ontogenetic and vitality structure of Сalophaca wolgarica (L. fi l.) DC. – a rare relict plant species, a paleoendemic to South-Eastern Europe – are presented. As part of the monitoring of the condition of this species’ populations, 21 natural populations on the territories of Volgograd and Rostov regions, the Republic of Kalmykia, Stavropol Krai, as well as fi ve reintroduced populations on the territory of Saratov region were studied in 2024. The ontogenetic conditions of the plants were determined.