Экология

The dynamics of the quantitative parameters of wild ungulates has been estimated over a part (36.6 thousand ha) of the Volgograd reservoir flood-lands within Engels and Marx districts of the Saratov region during 2003–2007. The number of all the wild ungulates (except wild boars) at the present stage is subject to significant recession.

The article analyses the current composition of the complex hemipteran insects (Heteroptera) after the fi re in 2010 in the Usman pine forest (Voronezh region) based on materials collected and counted at the post-pyrogenic succession monitoring polygon with an area of 84 hectares in 2021–2022. The infl uence of microrelief and phytocenotic heterogeneity on the structure of Heteroptera communities was assessed within three accounting areas, 100 sq. m each, located on three lines of the polygon.

The results of the analysis of ontogenetic and vitality structure of Сalophaca wolgarica (L. fi l.) DC. – a rare relict plant species, a paleoendemic to South-Eastern Europe – are presented. As part of the monitoring of the condition of this species’ populations, 21 natural populations on the territories of Volgograd and Rostov regions, the Republic of Kalmykia, Stavropol Krai, as well as fi ve reintroduced populations on the territory of Saratov region were studied in 2024. The ontogenetic conditions of the plants were determined.

The diving bell spider or water spider Argyroneta aquatica (Clerck, 1757) is the only spider species in the world that lives in the water column. From the territory of the Samara region, the spider was known only from two isolated fi nds – from the Kinelsky and Stavroposky districts. The purpose of this work is to analyze data on the water spider in the Samara region, on its habitats and factors limiting its distribution and abundance.

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that human activity has led to an increase in the anthropogenic impact on the environment. Various pollutants from a large number of discharges of municipal, industrial and medical wastewater are ubiquitous in the natural aquatic environment. Emerging pollutants are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals or any microorganisms that are not normally monitored in the environment. But emerging pollutants may enter the environment and cause known or suspected adverse environmental or human health eff ects.

The substrate spectrum of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria isolated from the soils of the Saratov region was studied: the soils of Balakovo (chronic anthropogenic pollution) and agricultural soils of Novokrivovka village (single hydrocarbon pollution). It was found that the microorganisms isolated from the urban soils of Balakovo, being under constant anthropogenic infl uence, had a wider substrate spectrum. It was revealed that 4 microorganisms isolated from the urban soils of Balakovo: Acinetobacter lwoffi i R44, Bacillus circulans E75, B.