Экология

The diving bell spider or water spider Argyroneta aquatica (Clerck, 1757) is the only spider species in the world that lives in the water column. From the territory of the Samara region, the spider was known only from two isolated fi nds – from the Kinelsky and Stavroposky districts. The purpose of this work is to analyze data on the water spider in the Samara region, on its habitats and factors limiting its distribution and abundance.

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that human activity has led to an increase in the anthropogenic impact on the environment. Various pollutants from a large number of discharges of municipal, industrial and medical wastewater are ubiquitous in the natural aquatic environment. Emerging pollutants are synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals or any microorganisms that are not normally monitored in the environment. But emerging pollutants may enter the environment and cause known or suspected adverse environmental or human health eff ects.

The substrate spectrum of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria isolated from the soils of the Saratov region was studied: the soils of Balakovo (chronic anthropogenic pollution) and agricultural soils of Novokrivovka village (single hydrocarbon pollution). It was found that the microorganisms isolated from the urban soils of Balakovo, being under constant anthropogenic infl uence, had a wider substrate spectrum. It was revealed that 4 microorganisms isolated from the urban soils of Balakovo: Acinetobacter lwoffi i R44, Bacillus circulans E75, B.

Studying the development of such an important group as cyanobacteria is an integral part of environmental monitoring of the Volga-Caspian region. Based on long-term data, a comparative description of the current state of the group of cyanobacteria of the Volga-Caspian region is indicated. The degree of similarity of marine and river species of the group of cyanobacteria for sections of the Volga River, Northern and Middle Caspian Sea was determined.

Central Russia is traditionally the most important area of crop production and agriculture. The purpose of this study was the ecological and hygienic study of the accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic, as well as biologically active substances in the aboveground part of bitter wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), harvested in urbocenoses of Central Russia.

During fi ve years of research (2017–2020 and 2022), 257 fruiting bodies of 34 species of basidiomycetes from the orders Agaricales and Polyporales, Hymenochaetales, Boletaceae, Russulales and Gloeophyllales were collected in diff erent areas of the Saratov region. 108 species of Coleoptera from 24 families were identifi ed that are directly and/or indirectly associated with the fruiting bodies of fungi. The highest species diversity was noted in the families Staphylinidae – 37 species, Tenebrionidae – 11, Ciidae – 10, Erotylidae and Mycetophagidae – 6 species each.