Экология

This article examines the spatial and temporal dynamics of the abundance and species diversity of small mammals in the Kumysnaya Polyana nature park. The aim of this study was to identify patterns in the spatial and temporal dynamics of the small mammals in the Kumysnaya Polyana nature park. Temperate forest ecosystems show a high population density of small mammals, especially the bank vole (M. glareolus) and the yellow-necked wood mouse (S. flavicollis), which is associated with favourable conditions for their existence.

Along with essential elements, plants are able to accumulate ecotoxicants of anthropogenic origin, in particular toxic heavy metals, which directly aff ects the quality of raw materials and depends directly on the species characteristics of the producing plant. The purpose of the study was to study the features of the elemental profi le of medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family of the fl ora of the Voronezh region using the example of motherwort of fi ve-lobed grass and spearmint leaves.

Action of various dozes of widely used (glin, karate, chlorthyasid, karoticid) and new (gerbicid 3249, semichinon, nitronol, ugnol) pesticides on quantity indicators of soil microorganisms is studied. Dynamics of change of number actinomycetes, mycelial fungis and heterotrophs is tracked at entering various dozes of pesticides. It is proved elimination of karate, karoticid, nitronol from soil under influence various bacterial strains.

The data on toxicity inretigation of bis-guaternary ammonium salt (BAS) derivatives and their transformed products formed in the process of reagent treatment of water have been represented in the given research. The extent and character of toxic effects of these substances on an organism of laboratory animals have been estimated in sharp and subacute experiments. There appeared to be an interrelation of BAS transformation in water and biological activity of the products formed.

After the experiments on noninbred rats it was stated that subacute intoxication of organophospho- rus insecticides dimethyldichlorvinylphosphate (DDVF), carbophos and metaphos (daily hypodermic administration at a dose of 1/7 LDso, during 6 days) invoked the suppression of cellular and humoral immune responses and decrease of concentration in a blood cytokines (IFNy, IL-4) with diminution of a relation an IFNy/IL-4. It occures that the reduction of function of Th1-lymphocytes is more appre- ciable in comparison with Th2-cells. 

Studies of the taxonomic composition of microalgae of the indigenous channel of the Volga River were carried out in June, August 2024–2025 at 10 stations (district of Dubovka-Bundino village, Kamenny Yar village, Staritsa village, Solenoe Zaimishche village, Tsagan-Aman village, Enotaevka village, Seroglazovka village, Zamyany village, Dawn village, Ikyany village ripple). During the study period, 40 samples were collected and processed. The floristic diversity of phytoplankton over two years was represented by 187 species with a rank below the genus.