The aim of the research is to determine the phylogenetic connections of scorpion representatives of the genus Mesobuthus living in the Lower Volga region and their comparison with other taxa (subspecies and species of this genus). For this, scorpions were collected on the territory of the Lower Volga region. The nucleotide sequences of the collected specimens were deciphered and compared with the sequences of species of the genus Mesobuthus from other regions of the Palearctic. The phylogenetic connections of the investigated objects are determined. The collection of material was carried out by conventional methods in arachnology. During the dark hours, a DRL lamp and a screen for insects were used to attract and collect scorpions.