Izvestiya of Saratov University.

Chemistry. Biology. Ecology

ISSN 1816-9775 (Print)
ISSN 2541-8971 (Online)
Full text:
download
(downloads: 180)
Language: 
Russian
Heading: 
Chemistry
Article type: 
Article
UDC: 
544.344.016+536.445:544.344.013-16-14+66.061
DOI: 
10.18500/1816-9775-2021-21-2-159-168
EDN: 
XURSVV

Extractive crystallization of salts in the ternary systems sodium (potassium, cesium) nitrate – water – triethylamine

Autors: 
Danilina Veronika V., Saratov State University
Chernov Dmitriy I., Saratov State University
Cherkasov Dmitry G., Saratov State University
Il’in Konstantin Kuzmich, Saratov State University
Abstract: 

A comparative analysis of the results of our polythermal study of the ternary systems sodium (potassium, cesium) nitrate – water – triethylamine has been carried out to estimate the efficiency of the use of triethylamine in the extractive crystallization of alkali metal nitrates from water–salt solutions containing 43.0, 44.0, 45.0, 46.0, and 47.0 wt. % sodium nitrate in the range of 10.0–25.0°C, 20.0, 21.0, and 22.0 wt.% potassium nitrate and 18.0, 19.0, 20.0 and 21.0 wt. % cesium nitrate in the range of 20.0–25.0°C. The dependences of the yield of these salts on the amount of triethylamine added and temperature have been found. It has been established that the maximum yield of sodium nitrate (79.4%) is observed for the aqueous solution with 47 wt.% salt upon the introduction of 90 wt.% triethylamine at 25.0° C. The maximum yield in the systems potassium (cesium) nitrate – water – triethylamine was 68.9% (22 wt. % potassium nitrate solution) and 66.2% (21 wt. % cesium nitrate solution) at 20.0° C and 90 wt. % amine content.

Key words: 
solubility
salt production
salting out
phase equilibria
liquid-liquid equilibrium
monotectic equilibrium
alkali metal nitrates
Reference: 
  1. Khimicheskaya entsiklopediya: v 5 t. Pod red. I. L. Knunyants [I. L. Knunyants, ed. Chemical Encyclopedy: in 5 vols. ]. Moscow, Sovetskaya entsiklopediya Publ., 1988–1998 (in Russian).
  2. Pozin M. E. Tekhnologiya mineral’nyh solej (udobrenij, pesticidov, promyshlennyh solej, okislov i kislot) [Technology of mineral salts (fertilizers, pesticides, industrial salts, oxides and acids). Part II, ed. 4th, rev.]. Leningrad, Khimiya Publ., 1974. 768 p (in Russian).
  3. Plyushchev V. E Himiya i tekhnologiya soedinenij litiya, rubidiya i ceziya [Chemistry and technology of lithium, rubidium and cesium compounds]. Moscow, Khimiya Publ., 1970. 410 p. (in Russian).
  4. Weingaertner D. A., Lynn S., Hanson D. N. Extractive Crystallization of Salts from Concentrated Aqueous Solution. Ind. Eng. Chem., 1999, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 490–501. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00051a009
  5. Zijlema T. G., Geertman R. M., Witkamp G.-J., Rosmalen G. M. van, Graauw J. de. Antisolvent Crystallization as an Alternative to Evaporative Crystallization for the Production of Sodium Chloride. Ind. Eng. Chem. Des., 2000, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 1330–1337. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie990221h
  6. Zijlema T. G., Witkamp G.-J., Rosmalen G. M. LiquidLiquid and Solid-Liquid Equilibria of 2-Isopropoxyethanol – H2O – NaCl Mixture. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1999, vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 1338–1340. https://doi.org/10.1021/je9900880
  7. Zijlema T. G. Crystallization of Sodium Chloride with Amines as Antisolvents. Separation and Purifi cation by Crystallization, 1997, ch. 19, pp. 230–241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1997-0667.ch019
  8. Carton A., Bolado S., Marcos M. Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for Aqueous Solutions of Lithium Sulfate or Lithium Formate and Triethylamine or Diisopropylamine. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2000, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 260–264. https://doi.org/10.1021/je990235u
  9. Mydlarz J., Jones A., Millan A. Solubility and Density Isotherms for Potassium Sulfate – Water – 2-Propanol. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1989, vol. 34, pp. 124–126. https://doi.org/10.1021/je00055a033
  10. Hu М., Zhai Q., Jiang Y., Liu Z. Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of Some Aliphatic Alcohols + Cesium Sulfate + Water. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2004, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1070–1073. https://doi.org/10.1021/je049914h
  11. Zafarani-Moattar M. T., Alireza S. Phase diagrams of Aliphatic Alcohols + Magnesium Sulfate + Water. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1997, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1241–1243. https://doi.org/10.1021/je970060t
  12. Thompson A. R., Molstad M. C. Solubility and Density Isotherms potassium and ammonium nitrates in isopropanol solutions. Ind. Eng. Chem., 1945, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 1244–1248. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50432a031
  13. Hu M., Jin L., Jiang Y., Li S., Zhai Q. Solubility of Cesium Nitrate in Aqueous Alcohol Solutions at (25, 35, and 45) °C. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2005, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 1361–1364. https://doi.org/10.1021/je050072b
  14. Cherkasov D. G., Il’In K. K. Polythermal study of the salting-out of triethylamine from aqueous solutions with sodium nitrate. Russ. J. of Applied Chem., 2011, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 388–394. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427211030098
  15. Cherkasov D. G., Il’In K. K. Salting out of triethylamine from aqueous solutions by potassium nitrate. Russ. J. of Applied Chem., 2011, vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 798–802 (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070427211050107
  16. Il’in K. K., Cherkasov D. G. Phase equilibria and saltingout effects in a cesium nitrate-triethylamine-water system at 5–25° C. Rus. J. of Phys. Chem. A, 2013, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 598–602 (in Russian).
  17. Patent U. S. 4.879.042, 1989. Method of Crystallizing Salts from Aqueous Solutions, D. N. Hanson, S. Lynn.
  18. Laboratornaya tekhnika organicheskoj himii. Pod red. B. Keila [B. Keila, ed. Laboratory Technology of Organic Chemistry]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1966. 751 p. (in Russian).
  19. Lyapin A. HIROX. HIROX. What the researcher needs. Electronics Manufacturing: Technologies, Equipment, Materials, 2010, no. 3, pp. 43–49 (in Russian).
  20. Nikolaev A. V., Yakovlev I. I. Klatratoobrazovanie i fi ziko–khimicheskii analiz ekstraktsionnykh system [Clathrate Formation and Physicochemical Analysis of Extractive Systems]. Novosibirsk, Nauka, Sibirskoe otdelenie Publ., 1975. 191 p. (in Russian).
  21. Belousov V. P., Panov M. Yu. Termodinamika vodnyh rastvorov neelektrolitov [Thermodynamics of Aqueous Solutions of Non-electrolytes]. Leningrad, Khimiya Publ., 1983. 264 p. (in Russian).
  22. Godnev I. N., Krasnov K. S., Vorob’ev N. K. Fizicheskaya khimiya [Physical Chemistry]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1982. 687 p. (in Russian).
Received: 
19.01.2021
Accepted: 
08.02.2021
Published: 
30.06.2021