The stable tetrahedron LiF-KF-KCl-K2WO4 of the quinary reciprocal system Li,K||F,Cl,WO4 was studied by differential thermal analysis, and the characteristics of eutectic and peritectic were determined.
The phase diagram of the potassium thiocyanate–water binary system was studied by the visual polythermal method and by the method of time–temperature curves over а temperature range – 35–180 оС. There is an eutectic equilibrium at –32.6 оС in the system; the solid phases of this equilibrium are ice and individual potassium thiocyanate. The composition of the liquid phase of the eutectic state was determined.
Phase equilibria and critical phenomena in the water-i-butyric acid binary system were studied by the visual polythermal method over the temperature range –10–30°C. The system is characterized by delamination with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) equal 25.8°C. In the system at –1.8°C, these occurs a nonvariant monotectic equilibrium whose solid phase are ice crystals. The phase diagram of the system is plotted.
Method of low-temperature differential thermal analysis using a differential scanning calorimeter of heat flow was first studied system n-nonadecane – cyclododecane. The studied systems are of the eutectic type. Alloy of eutectic composition contains 37,0 wt % of cyclododecane and melts at a temperature of 20.4 °C.
Phase equilibria and critical phenomena in component mixtures of the cut 1 of the quaternary system Potassium Nitrate – Water – Pyridine – Butyric Аcid whose constituent ternary liquid system had a closed binodal curve were studied by means of the visualpolythermal method within 5–60oC. The volumes of two monotectic states in the composition tetrahedron have been found to be in contact via critical tie lines with increasing temperature.
Studying of the influence of the salt nature and temperature on the liquid-liquid equilibrium in the ternary systems “salt – binary solvent” is topical for the development of the salting-in–salting- out theory. In addition, the ternary potassium iodide-water-alcohol systems are constituents of the quaternary iodine – potassium iodide – water – alcohol ones, studying of which is of practical interest in terms of determining the mixed solvent compositions with the highest iodine-dissolving power.
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is widely used in industrial and agri- culture. The solvent extraction method for producing KH2PO4 from the more cheap extraction phosphoric acid and potassium chloride has gained growing attention recently. To evaluation influence SO42– on the crystallization KH2PO4 it is nessesary comprehensive knowledge of the phase equilibria in the system K+// H2PO42–, SO42– – H2O. The ternary system KH2PO4 – K2SO4– H2O was determined at 25 °C by the improved isothermal method of section.
The solution of theoretical and practical problems based on phase equilibria in multicomponent systems is the basis of materials science: the synthesis of metals, alloys, semiconductors and many other substances and mixtures. The first stage in the study of phase diagrams is their calculation by various methods. However, the current state of the theory does not allow us to calculate the phase diagrams accurately and correctly even for binary systems.
Dipropylamine is one of the promising antisolvents for extractive salt crystallization, but its solubility in water and phase equilibria in its aqueous solutions over a wide temperature range has not been studied in detail until now. The review of the literature shows that the water-dipropylamine system is classified as a self-separating system with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). We used the visual-polythermal method in a –25–90°C range to study phase equilibria in the binary system water-dipropylamine and to plot the phase diagram of the system.
A brief review of computational methods for the liquid-liquid equilibrium has been carried out, and their capabilities and limitations have been shown. Complications of such computational models for the liquid–liquid–solid equilibrium lead to a decreased accuracy of calculations. In this case, it is advisable for researchers to make use of the approximation of experimental data on the liquid – liquid and liquid – liquid – solid equilibria.
