Eggplant, or dark-fruited nightshade (Solanum melongena L., 1753), is an important agricultural crop, for which the use of biopreparations based on antagonist microorganisms is advisable. The success of introducing such strains into an agrocenosis is largely determined by their interaction with the host plant’s autochthonous microbial community, which can vary significantly across regions. This study analyzed the microbiota structure of eggplant plants grown in the Saratov region. One hundred healthy leaf samples were microbiologically analyzed. As a result, 45 bacterial strains belonging to 14 species and 33 micromycete strains from 9 species were isolated. Representatives of the genus Bacillus constituted the absolute majority of the bacterial complex, dominating both the epiphytic and endophytic microbiota. The predominant fungi were species of the Aspergillaceae family, genera Aspergillus and Penicillium, which were also present in both biotopes. Functional analysis allowed us to divide the isolated bacteria into four groups: biocontrol agents (B. amyloliquefaciens, B. coagulans, B. halodurans, B. lentus, B. pseudomycoides, B. simplex, Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus), plant growth stimulants (B. amyloliquefaciens, B. circulans, B. pseudomycoides), stress protectors (B. halodurans, B. psychrodurans), and organic polymer degraders (B. simplex, B. bataviensis, B. drentensis, Jonesia denitrificans). Among the micromycetes, pathogenic species were identifi ed: Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria solani; The biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum, which produces hydrolytic enzymes, and the phosphate-solubilizing species Mucor ramosissimus, which improves plant phosphorus nutrition. These data expand our understanding of eggplant microbial communities in the Saratov region and can serve as a basis for the development of regional biopreparations with a comprehensive effect.