Известия Саратовского университета. Новая серия.

Серия Химия. Биология. Экология

ISSN 1816-9775 (Print)
ISSN 2541-8971 (Online)

Для цитирования:

Салищева О. В., Ворошилин Р. А. От традиционных процессов адсорбции до биоремедиации: современные технологии очистки природных вод от загрязнителей // Известия Саратовского университета. Новая серия. Серия: Химия. Биология. Экология. 2025. Т. 25, вып. 2. С. 205-234. DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2025-25-2-205-234, EDN: XCETOK

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Язык публикации: 
русский
Рубрика: 
Экология
Тип статьи: 
Научная статья
УДК: 
504.4.054+628.16
DOI: 
10.18500/1816-9775-2025-25-2-205-234
EDN: 
XCETOK

От традиционных процессов адсорбции до биоремедиации: современные технологии очистки природных вод от загрязнителей

Авторы: 
Салищева Олеся Владимировна, федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Кемеровский государственный университет»
Ворошилин Роман Алексеевич, федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Кемеровский государственный университет»
Аннотация: 

Актуальность исследования определяется тем, что деятельность человека привела к усилению антропогенного воздействия на окружающую среду. Различные загрязняющие вещества из большого количества сбросов коммунальных, производственных и медицинских сточных вод повсеместно распространены в природной водной среде. Новые загрязнители – это синтетические или природные химические вещества или любые микроорганизмы, которые обычно не контролируются в окружающей среде. Однако возникающие загрязнители могут попадать в окружающую среду и вызывать известные или предполагаемые неблагоприятные последствия для окружающей среды или здоровья человека. Сложность использования традиционных методов очистки природных вод связана с проблемами масштабирования систем очистки и регенерации или утилизации побочных продуктов. Большая часть исследований по очистке природных водоемов в последние годы сосредоточена на использовании процессов фазового перехода, включая адсорбцию в различных твердых матрицах и ионный обмен, применение мембранной фильтрации, фитотехнологии, химических и биологических методов очистки, а также усовершенствованные процессы окисления. Высокую эффективность показывает адсорбционная очистка водных объектов с использованием комбинированных природных фильтрационных систем, в которых сочетаются физические процессы сорбции и химические процессы биодеградации. Эффективным экологическим и инженерным решением является восстановление пресных водоемов с использованием искусственно созданных плавучих водно-болотных угодий. Показано преимущество биологических методов как наиболее используемых и успешных, что обусловлено их высокой эффективностью и экологичностью. Обзор имеющихся в настоящее время технологий удаления новых загрязнителей из водных экосистем показал, что в технологии задействованы различные физические, химические и биологические процессы. Развитие научных исследований о распространенности опасных загрязнителей в окружающей среде является результатом повышенного внимания ученых к экологическим проблемам, направленного на содействие более рациональному использованию природных ресурсов.

Ключевые слова: 
Природные воды
загрязнители
очистка воды
адсорбция
мембранные технологии
технология биоремедиации
биологическая очистка
усовершенствованные процессы окисления
коагуляция
флокуляция
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Поступила в редакцию: 
16.08.2024
Принята к публикации: 
02.04.2025
Опубликована: 
30.06.2025
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