нефть

Development of methods for identification of oils is of high priority in oil industry. The following parameters for 2963 oil samples from five oilfields in the Samara region were determined: density, fraction yield at 200 °C and 300 °C, the mass fraction of sulfur, hydrogen sulphide, methyl and ethyl mercaptan, the mass concentration of chloride salts, the saturated vapor pressure. The matrix of experi- mental data was analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and factorial discriminant analysis (FDA) methods.

The scientific literature in English for 2000–2017, devoted to the problem of the development of sorbents based on polymeric materials, intended for collecting spilled oil and oil products from the surface of reservoirs, has been scanned and analyzed. Three most numerous classes of polymeric sorbent materials (cellulosic materials, acrylate copolymers and synthetic rubbers) have been identified, and the oil sorbents proposed are characterized. Prospects of using sorbents of these classes for cleaning up the surface of reservoirs from oil spills are discussed.

Oil spills after tanker and pipeline accidents pose a serious threat to the environment, lead to the loss of energy carriers and severely pollute seawater. Mechanical extraction by sorption mechanism is an effective means of oil spill liquidation from the surface of reservoirs.

The Russian 2000–2017 scientific, technical and patent literature devoted to the problems of the development and practical applications of polymeric sorbents for the collection of spilled oil and oil products from the surface of reservoirs and for the purification of hydrocarbon-containing aquatic environments was searched and analyzed.