Genetic Polymorphism in Populations of Hieracium ? robustum (Asteraceae) as Result of the Hallabrottet Aulacidea hieracii (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) Influence
Based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR), we examined polymorphism in populations of Hieracium ? robustum (Asteraceae) – the host of gall-making Aulacidea hieracii (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). In each population, we studied H. ? robustum specimens with and without stem galls induced by gall wasps. It was revealed that individual gallfree plants have half as much ISSR fragments as plants contaminated by galls. In agarose gel, ISSR fragments of the former have clear-cut patterns while patterns of gall-contaminated plants are shapeless. Also, molecular dispersion analysis (AMOVA) shows that a significant proportion of dispersion is due to the variability of fragments obtained from gall-contaminated specimens. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) subdivides the sample into two clusters. The first was constituted by H. ? robustum specimens with galls; the second comprised gall-free specimens. When cluster analysis was carried out exclusively on gallfree specimens, the obtained clusters were in complete correspondence with the geographic origins of the specimens. However, when fragments of gall-contaminated plants were added to the matrix, it distorted the analysis and gave inconsistent results.
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