Investigation of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Fluctuating Asymmetry of Leaves of Woody Plant – Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey. in the City of Baku, Azerbaijan
The article presents the results of the study of morphometric and physiological parameters of the leaves of the woody plant-chestnut oak (Quercus castaneifolia S. A. Mey.). The study was conducted in Baku, which is the capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan, to assess the bioindicative properties and prospects of using this plant in environmental monitoring and landscaping of the city. To conduct a comparative analysis of the results, leaf samples were collected in the areas of the city that differ in the degree of environmental pollution. Morphometric parameters were investigated by the method of fluctuating asymmetry of bilateral morphological signs of leaves. It was found that the increase in the level of anthropogenic pollution leads to an increase in the value of the fluctuating asymmetry of chestnut oak leaves. In parallel with the morphological parameters, the functional activity of photosystem II of the leaf photosynthetic apparatus was studied based on the analysis of the parameters of the induction curves of the millisecond delayed fluorescence component of chlorophyll a. The intensities of phases were compared, as well as the ratio of the phase intensity of the millisecond delayed fluorescence component of chlorophyll a to the intensity of the stationary level. The variation of these parameters depending on the different degrees of technogenic load on the plants’s growing environment. Under environmental risk, both the fast and slow phases are suppressed and the efficiency of photosynthesis is reduced. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that chestnut oak can be used as a monitor plant for rapid diagnosis of environmental quality, as the studied morpho-physiological parameters are sensitive to environmental stress.
1. Zakharov V. M., Baranov A. S., Borisov V. I., Valetskiy A. V., Kryazheva N. G., Chistyakova E. K., Chubinishvili A. T. Zdorov’e sredy: metodika otsenki [Environmental health: assessment methodology]. Moscow, Tsentr ekologicheskoi politiki Rossii, 2000. 68 p. (in Russian).
2. Franiel J. Fluctuating asymmetry of Betulapendula Roth. leaves – an index of environment quality // Biodiv. Ros. Conserv. 2008. Vol. 9–10. P. 7–10.
3. Mamedova A. O. Phytocomponents in the assessment and management of environmental quality. Bulletin of Moscow State Regional University. Series “Natural Sciences”, 2010, no. 4, pp. 58–62 (in Russian).
4. Grigoriev Yu. S., Pakharkova N. V., Prudnikova C. B., Kryuchkova O. E. Biologicheskij kontrol’ sostoyaniya okruzhayushchej sredy [Biological control of the state of the environment]. Krasnoyarsk, IPK SFU, 2008. 80 p. (in Russian).
5. Rubin A. B. Biophysical methods in environmental monitoring. Soros Educational Journal, 2000, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 7–13 (in Russian).
6. Agati G. Response of the in vivo chlorophyll fl uorescence spectrum to environmental factors and laser excitation wavelength // Pure App. Opt. 1998. Vol. 7. Р. 797–807.
7. Zavorueva E. N., Zavoruev V. V. Fluorescent monitoring of the photosynthetic apparatus of small-leaved trees under anthropogenic impact. Atmospheric and Ocean Optics., 2006, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 319–321 (in Russian).
8. Thach L. B., Shapcott A., Schmidt S., Critchley C. The OJIP fast fl uorescence rise characterizes Craptophyllum species and their stress responses // Photosynthesis Research. 2007. May. Vol. 94, № 2. P. 423–436.
9. Nesterenko T. V., Tikhomirov A. A., Shikhov V. N. Induction of chlorophyll fl uorescence and assessment of plant resistance to unfavorable effects. Journal of Ge neral Biology, 2007, vol. 68, no. 6, November-December, pp. 444–458 (in Russian).
10. Goltsev V., ZaharievaI., Chernev P., Strasser R. Delayed Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Monitor for Physiological State of Photosynthetic Apparatus // Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment. 2009. Vol. 23, № 1. P. 452–457. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2009.10818461
11. Flora Azerbajdzhana [Flora of Azerbaijan]. Baku, Izd-vo AN Azerbaijan, 1957, vol. VII. 646 p. (in Russian).
12. Van Valen L. A study of fl uctuating asymmetry // Evolution. 1962. Vol. 16, № 2. P. 125–142.
13. Palmer A. R., Strobeck C. Fluctuating asymmetry as a measure of developmental stability : implications of nonnormal distributions and power of statistical tests // Acta Zool. Fenn. 1992. Vol. 191. P. 57–72.
14. Lakin T. F. Biometriya [Biometrics]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1990. 349 p. (in Russian).
15. Salvatore D., Reagle D. Theory and problems of statistics and econometrics. 2nd ed. N.Y. : McGraw-Hill, 2002. 328 p.
16. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po vypolneniyu ocenki kachestva sredy po sostoyaniyu zhivyh sushchestv (ocenka stabil’nosti razvitiya zhivyh organizmov po urovnyu asimmetrii morfologicheskih struktur). Rasporyazhenie Rosekologiya ot 16.10.2003. No. 460-p. [Methodological recommendations for assessing the quality of the environment according to the state of living organisms (assessment of the stability of the development of living organisms according to the level of asymmetry of morphological structures). Rosekologia, order dated 16.10.2003. No. 460-p.]. Moscow, 2003. 28 p. (in Russian).
17. Motorin D. N., Venediktov P. S., Rubin A. B. Sloweddown fl uorescence and its use for assessing the state of a plant organism. Bulleten of Academy of Sciences of USSR. Ser. Biology, 1985, no. 4, pp. 508–520 (in Russian).
18. Kyurdov B. A., Hasanov R. A. Dependence of the rate of formation of various phases of the induction curve of the delayed fl uorescence of greening wheat seedlings on phytochrome activity. Bulleten of Academy Science of Azerbaijan. Series of Biology, 1988, no. 5, pp. 3–9 (in Russian).
19. Abdullaev Kh. D., Hasanov R. A. Biofi zicheskie mekhanizmy stressovyh reakcij [Biophysical mechanisms of stress reactions]. Baku, TURXAN-NPB, 2014. 208 p.(in Russian).
20. Gasanov R., Aliyeva S., Mammedov F. Delayed Fluorescence in a millisecond Range-a Probe for the Donor Side Induced Photoinhibition of photosystem II // Photosynthesis: overview on recent progress and future perspectives / eds. S. Hot, P. Mohanty, K. Guruprasad. New Delhi : I K International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 2011. P. 101–107.
21. Mahmudov Z. M., Abdullayev Kh. D., Gasanov R. A. Photoinhibition in vivo of photosystem II reactions during development of the photosystems of wheat seedling // Photosynth. Research. 2005. № 84. P. 9–14.