Izvestiya of Saratov University.

Chemistry. Biology. Ecology

ISSN 1816-9775 (Print)
ISSN 2541-8971 (Online)

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Danilina V. V., Zubarev K. E., Khloptsev N. O., Cherkasov D. G. Effect of lithium carbonate on the solubility and phase behavior of water–diisopropylamine and water–triethylamine binary systems. Izvestiya of Saratov University. Chemistry. Biology. Ecology, 2026, vol. 26, iss. 1, pp. 34-46. DOI: 10.18500/1816-9775-2026-26-1-34-46, EDN: ETJXCS

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0).
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Language: 
Russian
Heading: 
Chemistry
Article type: 
Article
UDC: 
544.344.016+536.445:544.344.013-16-14+66.061
DOI: 
10.18500/1816-9775-2026-26-1-34-46
EDN: 
ETJXCS

Effect of lithium carbonate on the solubility and phase behavior of water–diisopropylamine and water–triethylamine binary systems

Autors: 
Danilina Veronika V., Saratov State University
Zubarev Kirill E., Saratov State University
Khloptsev Nikita O., Saratov State University
Cherkasov Dmitry G., Saratov State University
Abstract: 

Phase equilibria and solubility have been studied by the visual polythermal method in mixtures of components along a series of sections of the composition triangle within the temperature range of 10–60°C in the ternary systems lithium carbonate – water – diisopropylamine (triethylamine). For each system, the temperatures of formation of the critical node of the monotectic state have been determined: in the system with triethylamine, it is 14.0°C, and with diisopropylamine, it is 22.4°C. Isothermal phase diagrams of the ternary system lithium carbonate – water – diisopropylamine have been constructed at 15.0, 20.0, 22.4, 25.0, 27.3, and 30°C, and the component solubility was determined. It has been established that in the temperature range of 20.0–30.0°C, the isotherms feature a monotectic triangle adjacent to the fi elds of saturated solutions and phase separation. It has been found that the introduction of lithium carbonate into water-amine mixtures leads to a decrease in the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST): from 18.3 to 14.0°C for the mwater – triethylamine system and from 27.3 to 22.4°C for the water – diisopropylamine system. This indicates a salting-out eff ect of lithium carbonate on the component mixtures of the specifi ed binary systems. The effi ciency of using triethylamine in the process of extractive crystallization of lithium carbonate has been evaluated. X-ray fl uorescence analysis has demonstrated that the use of triethylamine as an antisolvent allows for a signifi cant reduction in the content of a number of impurities (Cu, Ni, Al, S) and the complete removal of some of them (Mn, Cr, Pm). Thus, the fundamental possibility of purifying lithium carbonate via extractive crystallization has been confi rmed.

Key words: 
phase diagram
solubility
extractive crystallization
lithium carbonate
diisopropylamine
triethylamine
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Received: 
20.11.2025
Accepted: 
02.12.2025
Published: 
31.03.2026
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