Effect of Surface Plasmon Resonance in the Fluorometric Properties of Molecules and Complexes
The optical properties of noble metal nanoparticles feature the pres- ence of a pronounced resonance band in the visible light spectrum, called the surface plasmon resonance band. The influence of local surface plasmons on the dynamics of singlet–triplet energy transfer in the donor–acceptor pair is the subject of recent active studies by analysts in connection with the prospective using of nanoparticles in optosensorics and the opportunity of significant improvements of the metrological characteristics of analytical techniques. As a result of the action of an electromagnetic wave on the metallic surface of a nanoparticle, a local electric field appears which contributes to an increased rate of the fluorescence attenuation of the particle near the surface and to a changed intensity of the exciting radiation. The phenomenon of two different mechanisms of the plasmon resonance action on the fluorescent properties of a fluorophore molecule is of undoubted interest to the analytical sensor designers. Within the frame- work of a brief review paper, we examine the original techniques for fluorimetric analysis of biologically active fluorophores and toxic metal ions by using silver and gold nanoparticles based on the processes of transfer and energy exchange of electronic excitation. Peculiarities of the modification of the fluorescent properties of fluorophores due to the surface plasmon resonance effect, the enhanced fluorescent properties and fluorescence quenching, and the increased efficiency of intramolecular energy transfer in REE complexes are revealed. Our literature data analysis has shown that some specific effects of the action of local surface plasmons on the energy transfer dynamics of electronic excitation open the prospect of a significant increase in the sensitivity and selectivity of analytical techniques. The use of noble metal nanoparticles in optosensorics would allow to expand the range of detectable biologically active substances and to diversify the nomenclature of analyzed objects.
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