Биология

The article describes the calciphytic steppe communities located in the territory of the natural monument “Urochische Kuzilinka” and its surroundings (Orel region). The communities were assigned to the association Onosmato simplicissimae–Salvietum nutantis Averinova ass. nov. That unit was included in the sub-union Bupleuro falcati–Gypsophilenion altissimae Averinova 2005 (union Festucion valesiacae Klika 1931, order Festucetalia valesiacae Soo 1947, class Festuco–Brometea Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex Soo 1947) on the basis of a diagnostic species analysis.

In the flora of the Chuvash Republic, 40 species of the genus are revealed. 11 of these (A. altaica, А. argutiserrata, A. barbulata, A. cheirochlora, A. exilis, A. gibberulosa, A. hebescens, A. oxyodonta, A. plicata, A. sibirica, A. vorotnikovii) are registered in the Republic for the first time. Earlier, two species (A. pustynensis Czkalov and A. obtusa auct. non Buser) were noted here erroneously. Species are revealed whose richness corresponds to the level seen in neighbouring regions and approaches the maximum possible.

The article presents studies of the influence of Amanita muscaria and Flammulina velutipes on the growth and development of seedlings of species of the Pinaceae family. The positive effect of mycorrhization by these fungi species on the growth and development of Picea abies and Abies sibirica was established. Thus, the presence of Flammulina velutipes and Amanita muscaria in the substrate accelerated the appearance of the first shoots by 4–8 days. Mycorrhization of Amanita muscaria influenced the morphometry of the seedlings of Picea abies and Abies sibirica.

Labels of specimens of genus Batrachium in Herbarium of Saratov State University (SARAT, SARP) are given. Comments to determination of some species of this genus are given.

The biological properties of bacteria-assiociants Myzus cerasi F. in territory of the Saratov region weree studied. 39 strains of bacteria were revealed. 66.6% of the strains were able to use glucose, 87.0% – fixed molecular nitrogen, 56.3% – had the ability to grow at 10 °C, 92.1% of the isolated cultures were alkalotolerant and grown at pH10. 

Studied the power of saiga in the Caspian lowland in June 2011. Mikrogistologichesky cuticularscatological analysis of undigested food residues revealed a specific and quantitative differences in the diet of animals on two types of pasture. Analysis of feeds and their digestibility revealed optimal habitat for the saiga.

Results of research of flora of a nature sanctuary are given in this article «the Burkinsky wood». 31 types of the protected vascular plants included in the Red book of the Saratov region are revealed. The taksonomichesky, biomorphological and ekologo-tsenotichesky analysis of rare species is carried out. Paths of use of types of a nature sanctuary are defined.

Cause-effect relationship has been identified for each of the observed mating event. There are a numbers of behavioral phases that occurring before and after a mating process. The most important factor that initializes precopulation behavior for males is an active aggressive behavior of females, indicating the behavioral manifestations of estrus. It was estimated that a high level of activity of females on a rookery after mating can cause other mating with another males.

The optimum variant of explant sterilization of mountain ash var. «Granatnaya» for introduction in culture in vitro has been picked up. It is shown that the nutrient medium WPM with addition of 1,0 mg/l of BAP is optimum for klonal mikropropogation, spontaneous regenerant rooting being found only on nutrient media without hormones. It has been established that the optimum variant of the nutrient medium at the stage of rooting is 1/2WPM with addition of 1,0 mg/l of NАА.

Formation of elements efficiency of an spike wheat of different cultivar is analysed. It is offered to use for an estimation of potential productivity of a cultivar morphogenetic an efficiency index.