Химия

The extraction of the tungsten blue complex formed by the reaction of phenol with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) in the presence of a nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 in alkaline medium using the methodology of micellar extraction based on «clouding point» has been studied for the fi rst time. Aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate were used to create pH and as a desalting agent.

This article presents the results of the thermal processing of sludge from domestic wastewater under laboratory conditions. The pyrolysis process is carried out in a batch reactor with an original design. Gaseous and liquid forms of hydrocarbon compounds, as well as solid carbonaceous residue, were obtained after processing the sludge in a pyrolytic plant. It is established that during pyrolysis of sludge sewage sludge, the output of the process products depends on the heating rate of the raw material.

The production of various motor fuels is carried out by processing light fractions of oil with an initial temperature of boiling to 350°С. The current trend shows that oil in new fi elds has more weight than before. New oil reservoirs are deeper with a greater proportion of dark fraction with a boiling point of 350°С. This situation stimulates to fi nd new ways of increasing the processing depth light fractions for synthesis target product. One of the main solution path for the problem is creation of new catalytic systems or modernization of existing ones.

The analytical eff ect of micelles of cationic surfactants in the reactions of some aromatic aldehydes (AA) with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) with the formation of the corresponding aci-forms of hydrazones has been established. It has been established that micelles of nonionic and anionic surfactants do not cause analytically signifi cant eff ects in the system under study.

The analysis of semi-products at diff erent stages of production and fi nished medicinal products is an integral part of an eff ective quality assurance system for pharmaceutical production. The traditional methods used in the pharmaceutical fi eld, such as capillary electrophoresis, gas and liquid chromatography, are quite versatile and eff ective. However, they are distinguished by the high cost of instrumentation and component materials, the need to use high-purity solvents, the lack of mobility and the possibility of in situ studies.

Graft copolymers of polysaccharides with acrylic monomers combine biodegradability, biocompatibility, the environmental friendliness of natural polymers and the increased thermal stability, chemical and mechanical resistance of synthetic polymers. This paper describes our search and analysis of the literature in English for 2002–2022 devoted to the graft polymerization of acrylamide, acrylic acid and 2-acrylamido2-methylpropanesulfonic acid onto xanthan and glucomannan macromolecular chains.

The reaction of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition azomethine ylides obtained by the in situ interaction of 11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one and proline, and 3-phenyl-1-pyrrolyl-2-en-1-ones has been used for the synthesis of substituted spiropyrrolizidines in continuation of the study the use of new enones as dipolarophiles. The conditions for the implementation of a three-component synthesis (temperature regime, solvent, activation method) are selected. The best performance has been obtained by refl uxing the reaction mixture in ethanol.

One of the modern approaches to solving environmental problems of accumulation and deposition of production and consumption waste is the implementation of “green economy” and “closed cycle” economy models. This approach makes it possible to increase the resource utilization rate and reduce the negative impact on the environment. The study of the possibility of joint disposal of waste from various industries, for example agricultural and industrial waste, is promising in this area.

Cycvalone is an analogue of curcumin (EE conformation), exhibits a wide range of biological activity (antioxidant, hepatoprotective, membrane stabilizing, anti-ulcer) and is used in medical practice as a choleretic. Numerous methods of producing cycvalone are known, including industrial ones, but its reactions have been studied much less. Some reactions of cycvalone with N, C-nucleophiles (hydrazines, malononitrile) have been carried out.

The weakening of the manmade load on the environment has become a global goal of humanity. The accumulation of toxic substances in effl uents can increase the acceleration of pollution of the planet’s watersheds, resulting in biota pollution. To solve this problem, it is necessary to create photocatalysts that cause self-excitation under the ignition of light. Also, important parameters of photocatalysts are simple synthesis and low cost. This article demonstrates a one-step approach to the synthesis of carbon nanostructures (CNS) with photocatalytic activity.